Are there three subdivisions in the primate subthalamic nucleus?

Are there three subdivisions in the primate subthalamic nucleus?

The prevailing academic opinion holds that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) consists of three parts, each anatomically distinct and selectively associated with cognitive, emotional, or motor functioning. We independently tested this assumption by summarizing the results from 33 studies on STN subdivisions in human and nonhuman primates. The studies were conducted from 1925 to 2010 and feature thre...

Subdivisions and anatomical boundaries of the subthalamic nucleus.

The primate subthalamic nucleus. I. Functional properties in intact animals.

1. The present study tests several key aspects of the current model of the intrinsic circuitry of the basal ganglia, in particular the degree to which basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits are functionally segregated at the level of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). To this end the responses of STN cells to somatosensory examination (n = 301 cells), the polarity and latencies of neuronal response...

Primate globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus: functional organization.

Neuronal relations to active movements of individual body parts and neuronal responses to somatosensory stimulation were studied in the external (GPe) and internal (GPi) segments of the globus pallidus (GP) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of awake monkeys. In GPe (n = 249), GPi (n = 151), and STN (n = 153), 47, 29, and 28% of the cells, respectively, discharged in relation to active arm movem...

Amygdala projections to central amygdaloid nucleus subdivisions and transition zones in the primate.

In rats and primates, the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeN) is most known for its role in responses to fear stimuli. Recent evidence also shows that the CeN is required for directing attention and behaviors when the salience of competing stimuli is in flux. To examine how information flows through this key output region of the primate amygdala, we first placed small injections of retrograde...